Electric resister.



W. S. HADAWAY, Jn.

ELECTRIC RESISTER. l APPLICATION msn SEPT. 5. 1911.

Patent-ed Oct. 3, 1916.

.I v 'Izllventon r UNrrED sTA'rEs PATENT oEEicE.

i WILLIAM S. HADAWAY, JR., OF'NEW. YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC RESISTER.

Y To all inkom t 'may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM S. HABA- wAY, J r., a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented new and juseful Improvements in Electric Resistere, of which the following is a full, clear, concise,and exact descrip-l tion, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this speci- 4 cation.

my invention,

This invention relates to electric resisters.

It particularly relates to resisters for use in electric heaters. Y Y Y lIthas heretofore been proposed to use uninsulated wires for heating purposes, but the use of such wires has necessitated the provision of some separate means for insulating the .wires in order that the same may not become grounded or cause damage. It has further been proposed to provide large heating units wherein a bare or insulated wire is inclosed in casings formed of several separate parts, but the use of such casings has unduly increased the cost of the heating means, and the form of the casing has interfered with the adaptation of such devices to a widerange of uses. Further,

, in both instances, above mentioned, the heat radiating eiiiciency of the heating means has not been at its maximum, the eiiiciency in the irst instance being cut down by the insulating means, and in the second instance, by the inclosing casing.

My invention hasA among its objects to provide an improved electrical heating conductor, containing in itself all of the lelements of a complete and eiiicient heating unit which maybe made up'into the form of a flexible conductor, in which the current carrying partis eifectually insulated from the heat radiating part electrically, but is in direct heat conducting relationto the saine.

My invention further hasamong its objects to provide an electric heating conductor which may be made up into any desired length, any portion of which forms a com-v plete and efficient heater and one which may be used 1n any of the-.forms which a conductor may assume.

Other objects and advantages of my improved construction will hereinafter appear.

In accordance with a preferred form of I provide a conductor-having a core of conducting material, whichl is incased in an insulating material having the 4Specification of Letters Patent.

property of conducting theJ heat rapidly from the core, this material in turn being inolosed in v acasing or sheath having the property of readilyA radiating the heat genated by the passage of the currentthrough e core.

Patented Oct. 3, 1916. vApplication filed September 5, 1911. Serial No. 647,689.

.In the accompanying drawings, I havel villustrated several forms which my linven- .tion may assume in practice.

In the views of these drawings: Figure 1 vshows a central longitudinal sectional view of one form of my improved conductor.v

Fig. 2 shows a transverse section of 'the same. Fig. 3 shows a transverse section of my improved conductor made up into square form. Fig. 4 shows one form of my improved conductor applied to use in a resistance grid. Fig. 5 shows one form of the same, used as a pan-cake coil. Fig. 6 shows the same in helical form and used /as a tool heater. Fig. 7 shows the same applied' to use as a liquid heater. Fig. 8`shows the same embedded in a casting. ,Fig. 9 shows the same used in connection with a soldering iron.

In Fig. 1 I have illustrated a length of conductor comprising a core 1, surrounded by a coating of 'insulating material 2, which is, in turn, inclosed in a casing or sheath 3, all of said elements being concentrically arranged.

The core I is formed ofa conducting material. In a preferred form I form this core of a high resistance material, such as nickel-chromium or copper-nickel, since I find that these alloys are well adapted to withstand high temperatures and readily radiate heat. Other resistance materials may, however, be used if desired.

The inc'losing insulating coating 2 is preferably formed of a material which is adapted to readily absorb the heat generated by the passage of the current through the core 1, and transmit this heat to the radiating casing 3, at the same .time effectually insulating the core from said casing. In a preferred form I may form this coating 'of a compound of equal parts of alumina and silica. However, other insulating material may be used.

ico

radiatev the heat conveyed tokit by the insulating material 2 from the-core 1. Further,

this casingV is preferably formed of amaterial which is adapted to withstand highs temperatures without scaling. In a pre- .l

ferred form, this casing is formed of nickelchromium or copper-nickel alloy, similar to the alloy used for the core, since I find that such alloys are well suited to this purpose. However, other materials having these roperties may be used if desired.

In 4ig. 2 my improved conductor. has been shown made up into cylindrical form. It may, however, be made up into the form shown in Fig. 3, wherein. it has a 4,square cross-section, since in lthis Iform it is adapted to provide a iat surface which permits it to come into more immediate contact with the objects to be heated. In this form, if desired, the casing 3, may be rectangularL in shape and inclos'ef the insulating material' 2, which has a corresponding shape. The core may obviously be formed with any desired cross-section. As illustrated in Figs. l and 2 the conductor may be made up into any desired vlength and thickness, and, desired, maybe made flexible, so that it may be bent into any desired shape; the core insulating material and casing being so united -with each other as to form a unitary structure, which will withstand the bending of the conductor into any desired form. Further, due to the use of my improved combination, the metallic parts are brought into such intimate contact with the insulating material that the heat which is generated by the'core is Itransmitted directly to the radiating casing by conduction and with small loss. In a preferred form, the radiating casing 0r shea-th is formed in one piece, and thus the conductor when complete is entirely unitary.

In Fig. 4f, I have shown an application of my improved conductor to a resistance grid, in which the ends of convolutions of the .conductor are held between conducting or nonconducting strips 4, as in the 'usual construction.` If des1red,'.the endss/of these.

convolutions may be held in place by suitable pins 5. It is evident that the conductor may be Xed to these strips by any suitable means, and that the device may be used in. y.

any suitable relation, either as a resistance unit or a heating unit, the conductor being f entirely insulated electrically from any surface with which it comes in contact. For instance, this device may be used as a toaster, a grid or a grill, or may be placed within an oven to heat the same, or applied to any of a 'Wide range of uses, as a heating means for any form of matter.

In Fig. 5, I ,have 'illustratedmy improved conductor Wound in the form of a an-cake coil. Obviously the conductor when ound in this form may be applied to any desired use, either as a heating element or as a resistance element, and may be placed in any desired relation with other heating devices.

In Fig. 6,1 have shown my improved conductor in the form of a helical coil, adapted to use as a tool heater. In this tool has been diagrammatically shown at 6 in dotted lines. It is evident that any tool may beinserted Within a coil 'of any suitable configuration and that thetool Will be heated by the heat radiated from the sheath 3 of the conductor, which may bef readily brought to any desired heat. For instance my improved conductor may be readily adapted to use as a heater for curling irons.

figure a In Fig. 7, I haveshown my improved be noted in this connection that the current carrying part of the conductor is eHectually insulated from the bath and from the air, so that it is protected from the action lof either; and, further, that the heat generated by' the conductor and transmitted to the bath may be readily varied, by varying the number of turns of the conductor with- 'in the bath. j

In Fig. 8, I have illustrated my improved conductor' embedded in a metal plate 9.- If desired, the conductor maybe cast within any suitable metal having a melting point below that of -the conductor sheath. In such a'constructio'n the conductor'forms a 'unitary part of the device, in w l'ch the means of the metal, .and a very efcietV heater is formed.

In Fig. 9 I have shown an adaptation of'v the construction shown in Fig. 8, in which the conductor is castjn the tip of a soldering iron 10. It is obvious that the conductor may be arranged in any vdesired form and disposed in any desired relation with respect t0 the surface of the iro', Ina

preferred form it is made up so that the conductor is wound in convolutions in com-v paratively close proximity to the surface of the side of the iron but which are brought closer together at the tip, so that a greater heat is imparted to thisportion.

It is of course understood that while in Figs. 4 and 9 inclusive, the conductor is shown as having a circular cross-section, the conductor ma'v also be shaped so that it has 'a rectangularvcross-section and ap-- plied to the various uses described.

When in this form, the conductor presentsv a substantially smooth surface to the article to be heated, and `wthe-heat islnore evenly diffused. For instance, the` form rshown in Figs. 5-and 6 the convolutions may be' placed so closely together that'single smooth.v

surface is presented tothe article to be heated.

By the use of my improved construction I am able to provide an electric heating con# vductor of high efficiency, which may be made up into any desired shape and usedV in any desired relation. Further, any 'desired length of my 'improved conductor forms a complete heating unit in itself, in

' loss of heat during the passage of the same from the heating .core is reduced to the minimum. Further, the.. radiating casing while in direct'heat conducting relation to the current carrying core, is effectually insulated from this core electrically so that theconductor may be laid ,wherever desired I without the provision-of current insulating means.' Further, my improvedk conductor may be made flexible, so -that it 'may be readily bent or wound into various forms. Further, by the provision of my improved conductor I have made avv single heating conductor which combines all the .elements of an eilicient heater within itself and which may be adapted to use as a` heating element for any device in the electrical heating field.

While I have in this application described specific forms which my invention may as-v .sume .in practice, I do not wish to be limited to these forms, but wish rather to include within the scope of this application all thoseforms of myl linvention falling within its spirit. y What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows 1 .An electric resister comprising a, resistance wire inclosed in a continuous tubular casing, said wire being insulated from said casmg by a'lling composed of a com-4 pound of alumina and silica, said wire and casing being flexible so that the resister may be bent to any suitable shape, said' resister being adapted to bev manufactured in comparatively long sections and thereafter severed into lengths which, may be mounted or supported -in any suitable manner regardless ofthe electrical conducting properties of the support.

2. An electric resister comprising a resistance wire incased in' va continuous nickel chromium tubing, said wire being insulated from said tubingby. Va filling composed of a compound of alumina` and silica, said wire and casing being flexible sc that the resister may be bent into vany desired shape, said resister being adapted to be manufactured in comparatively long sections and thereafter severed into lengths as needed and mounted or supported in any suitable manner regardless 'of the electrical conducting properties ofthe support.

3. A heating unit comprising a nickel chromium wire, a continuous tubular casing of nickel-chromium and a 'filling of a compound alumina and =siliea, said wire and casingbeing flexible, whereby the unit may be bent .as desired, said unit being adapted to be made up in stock, severed into lengths as needed and mounted or supported in any suitable manner, regardless of the electrical conducting or non conducting properties of said support.

In wltne'ss whereof, I havehereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two wit;v nesses.

WILLIAM s. HADAWAY,.JR. 'Witnesssz I I y' A. B. HUBBELL,

EDWIN Lent'rroofr. 

